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NVIDIA NCA-GENL Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NVIDIA Generative AI LLMs Sample Questions (Q37-Q42):
NEW QUESTION # 37
In the context of evaluating a fine-tuned LLM for a text classification task, which experimental design technique ensures robust performance estimation when dealing with imbalanced datasets?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Stratified k-fold cross-validation is a robust experimental design technique for evaluating machine learning models, especially on imbalanced datasets. It divides the dataset into k folds while preserving the class distribution in each fold, ensuring that the model is evaluated on representative samples of all classes.
NVIDIA's NeMo documentation on model evaluation recommends stratified cross-validation for tasks like text classification to obtain reliable performance estimates, particularly when classes are unevenly distributed (e.g., in sentiment analysis with few negative samples). Option A (single hold-out) is less robust, as it may not capture class imbalance. Option C (bootstrapping) introduces variability and is less suitable for imbalanced data. Option D (grid search) is for hyperparameter tuning, not performance estimation.
References:
NVIDIA NeMo Documentation: https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/nemo/user-guide/docs/en/stable/nlp/model_finetuning.html
NEW QUESTION # 38
What is the main difference between forward diffusion and reverse diffusion in diffusion models of Generative AI?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Diffusion models, a class of generative AI models, operate in two phases: forward diffusion and reverse diffusion. According to NVIDIA's documentation on generative AI (e.g., in the context of NVIDIA's work on generative models), forward diffusion progressively injects noise into a data sample (e.g., an image or text embedding) over multiple steps, transforming it into a noise distribution. Reverse diffusion, conversely, starts with a noise vector and iteratively denoises it to generate a new sample that resembles the training data distribution. This process is central tomodels like DDPM (Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models). Option A is incorrect, as forward diffusion adds noise, not generates samples. Option B is false, as diffusion models typically use convolutional or transformer-based architectures, not recurrent networks. Option C is misleading, as diffusion does not align with bottom-up/top-down processing paradigms.
References:
NVIDIA Generative AI Documentation: https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/ai-data-science/generative-ai/ Ho, J., et al. (2020). "Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models."
NEW QUESTION # 39
When deploying an LLM using NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for a real-time chatbot application, which optimization technique is most effective for reducing latency while maintaining high throughput?
Answer: D
Explanation:
NVIDIA Triton Inference Server is designed for high-performance model deployment, and dynamicbatching is a key optimization technique for reducing latency while maintaining high throughput in real-time applications like chatbots. Dynamic batching groups multiple inference requests into a single batch, leveraging GPU parallelism to process them simultaneously, thus reducing per-request latency. According to NVIDIA's Triton documentation, this is particularly effective for LLMs with variable input sizes, as it maximizes resource utilization. Option A is incorrect, as increasing parameters increases latency. Option C may reduce latency but sacrifices context and quality. Option D is false, as CPU-based inference is slower than GPU-based for LLMs.
References:
NVIDIA Triton Inference Server Documentation: https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/triton-inference-server
/user-guide/docs/index.html
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which metric is commonly used to evaluate machine-translation models?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The BLEU (Bilingual Evaluation Understudy) score is the most commonly used metric for evaluating machine-translation models. It measures the precision of n-gram overlaps between the generated translation and reference translations, providing a quantitative measure of translation quality. NVIDIA's NeMo documentation on NLP tasks, particularly machine translation, highlights BLEU as the standard metric for assessing translation performance due to its focus on precision and fluency. Option A (F1 Score) is used for classification tasks, not translation. Option C (ROUGE) is primarily for summarization, focusing on recall.
Option D (Perplexity) measures language model quality but is less specific to translation evaluation.
References:
NVIDIA NeMo Documentation: https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/nemo/user-guide/docs/en/stable/nlp
/intro.html
Papineni, K., et al. (2002). "BLEU: A Method for Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation."
NEW QUESTION # 41
What are the main advantages of instructed large language models over traditional, small language models (<
300M parameters)? (Pick the 2 correct responses)
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
Instructed large language models (LLMs), such as those supported by NVIDIA's NeMo framework, have significant advantages over smaller, traditional models:
* Option D: LLMs often have cheaper computational costs during inference for certain tasks because they can generalize across multiple tasks without requiring task-specific retraining, unlike smaller models that may need separate models per task.
References:
NVIDIA NeMo Documentation: https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/nemo/user-guide/docs/en/stable/nlp/intro.html Brown, T., et al. (2020). "Language Models are Few-Shot Learners."
NEW QUESTION # 42
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